Introduction and General knowledge of CNC Machine
The CNC system is develop from CN system which be general use in various industries. Whether large, medium or small manufacture with CNC system they can minimize error and high accurate. No matter how easy or difficult CNC system can produce to meet the demand and recognized in the industry and other groups. The ability of the CNC system has been developed continuously such as data transfer ability, flexibility in production, speed, support device, or even the simulation 3D work.Introduction of NC and CNC.
1. Development of machine CNC.
Development of CNC machines are more than 40 years since the 1948-1950 by MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) has led the development of computer-controlled machinery to be used in the manufacture of aircraft parts. Accordance to the complicate of dynamics research so they invent the numbering system (NC Machine) for use in the development of the metal industry before develop to CNC now a day.
2. The meaning of the NC.
N stands for Numerical to characters or digits 0 to 9. Code, such as A, B, C to Z and other symbols such as +, -, and%.C stands for Control (Control) to control the configuration or location to get the machine to work as scheduled. Thus, NC refers to the control of mechanical systems with numbers and letters. This definition come from the United States mean various other functions of the machine is controlled by a code consisting of numbers, letters and other symbols, which will be converted to a mobile signal (Pulse) of electricity or other signals to activate motor or other equipment to the machinery.
3. Definition of CNC
C stands for Computer,N stand for Numerical to characters or digits 0 to 9. Code, such as A, B, C to Z and other symbols such as +, -, and%.
C stands for Control (Control) to control the configuration or location to get the machine to work as scheduled.
Therefore (CNC) = Computer Numerical Control which is microprocessor-based computer for control machine.
Simple Diagram of CNC Machine
Stand for CNC machine
Stand for CNC Controller
Stand for Computer
The principle of CNC machine.
Control system of the machine must be ordered by code to make CNC machining work. It is necessary to enter the program into the control system of the machine via the keyboard (Key Board) or magnetic tape (Magnetic Tape) . When the system reads the input It will be controlled CNC machine driven the motor (Feed motor
) to moving the slider. For example CNC lathe with two motor or CNC milling machine with three motor.Control system will change the code to an electrical signal then control the motor running. However, because the signal from this system are low power to rotate the motor driver works as discontinuities. This is why need send a signal to the amplifier. The system drive amplified will send signal to the motor and the horizontal axis to move which designed by the program.
Speed and distance for the moving platform need to be set manually by user due to the CNC control system can not see it. User need to observe work piece edge and platform position by eye when setting machine which may be make error easily. Therefore, we need tool that can tell Control system know position of platform position and horizontal axis.This equipment called Measurement System which consists of vertical scale (Liner Scale) same amount of axial movement core have in machine. It transmits electrical signals which corresponding to the distance of the mobile platform to make the controller system know distance.
CNC Main component
- Controller
- Drive Mechanism
- Machine Body
Interior Controller will consist
- CPU or microprocessor
- A memory RAM.
- Communications systems such as RS 232 link display and control panel.
- Servodrive Control or Drive
- A Spindle Motor
control.
- Other control system such as coolant ,tool handle system etc,.
- Matching Operating Panel
- Dashboard Control Panel and Function keys which consist of data keys or key pads
- Display monitor
Drive Mechanism
Drive Mechanism such as feed motor which is Servo motor to control each axis movement by Ball screw. Ball screw transfer angular motion to be linear motion which position or movement distance and speed was control by signal from controller. In addition part of navigator ( Guide way ) will support each axial movement in machine.
Machine Body
Machine Body will need to make to suite your work follow by type of work, material and size of product. Main component of machine body such as Machine Bed or Bed, work table, Spindle Head, Spindle Motor which commonly found in Manual machine or Conventional machine.
Type of CNC Machine
1. Turning Machine or Lathe : usually for 2 dimension work pieces. Click here for more info
2. Milling Machine : usually for 3 dimension work pieces. Click here for more info
3. Wire cutting machine ( credit : http://ssgedm.en.made-in-china.com/)
4. Electrical Discharge Machine or EDM ( credit :http://www.machinetools.net.tw)
5. Grinding Machine ( credit : http://www.surface-grinder-kentind.com)
6. Sheet metal cutting ( credit : http://mini-cnc.blogspot.com/)
7. Coordinate measurement machine or CMM ( credit :http://www.directindustry.com)
8. Drilling Machine ( Credit : http://www.casemouse.com )
9. Punching machine ( Credit : http://www.exapro.com/cnc-punching-machine-amada-coma-303636-pe81723/)
10. Bending machine ( credit :http://alukemt.en.made-in-china.com)
11. Boring machine ( Credit: http://www.directindustry.com/prod/mag/cnc-jig-boring-machines-32999-420457.html)
I hope these article may useful to you for first step in CNC machine.
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